Tarboosh is considered to be a Turkish word composed of two elements, ter 'sweat' and pošu 'a light turban cloth'. The word tarboosh is thought to be a loanword from Persian: سر بوشش دادن (meaning 'headdress') via the Turkish language, from Ottoman Turkish terpos, and is used mainly in the countries of the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan). The fez ( Turkish: fes, Ottoman Turkish: فس, romanized: fes), is also known as a tarboosh ( Arabic: طربوش, romanized: ṭarbūš, ), also spelt tarboush. It has also been adopted by various fraternal orders. It is still worn in parts of South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and in Cape Town, South Africa. The fez has been used as part of soldiers' uniforms in many armies and wars for centuries, including the Bahawalpur Regiment in Pakistan as late as the 1960s. A century later, in 1925, the fez was outlawed in Turkey as part of Atatürk's reforms. The intention was to replace the turban, which acted as a marker of identity and so divided rather than unified the population. In 1829, Mahmud issued new regulations mandating use of the fez by all civil and religious officials. The decision was inspired by the Ottoman naval command, who had previously returned from the Maghreb having embraced the style. In 1827, Mahmud II mandated the fez as a modern headdress for his new army, the Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye. The fez became a symbol of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century. The modern fez owes much of its popularity to the Ottoman era. The name 'fez' refers to the Moroccan city of Fez, where the dye to color the hat was extracted from crimson berries.

The fez ( Turkish: fes, Ottoman Turkish: فس, romanized: fes), also called tarboosh/ tarboush ( Arabic: طربوش, romanized: ṭarbūš, derived from Persian: سرپوش, romanized: sarpuš, lit.'cap'), is a headdress of two types: either a felt short cylindrical, truncated (peakless) hat, usually red, or a short cylinder made of kilim fabric, both typically with a black tassel attached to the top.

Fez country